Region IV-A

Calabarzon

Region 4A, also known as CALABARZON, is one of the regions in the Philippines located in the southern part of Luzon Island. CALABARZON is composed of five provinces: Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon. Each province has its own unique history and cultural heritage, which is reflected in its historical structures and landmarks.

Here are some notable historical structures in Region 4A:

Nagcarlan Underground Cementery
Cuartel de Santo Domingo
Minor Basilica of St. Michael Archangel
Aguinaldo Shrine (Museo ni Emilio Aguinaldo)
Pila Heritage Site (San Antonio de Padua Parish Church)
Taal Basilica (Minor Basilica of St. Martin of Tours)
Rizal Shrine (Calamba)
Pagbilao Grande Island Watchtowers
Casa De Segunda
Villa Escudero

Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery

The Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery, situated in Brgy. Bambang, Nagcarlan, Laguna, is a unique historical landmark that dates back to 1845. Under the direction of a Franciscan missionary, Father Vicente Velloc, this subterranean burial site was meticulously constructed using stones and red bricks for its walls, complemented by iron grills. Spanning across a 1-hectare property, the cemetery is encircled by octagon-shaped stone walls, creating a distinctive architectural layout. An imposing entrance arch, standing at approximately 18 feet high, welcomes visitors through two iron grill gates onto a red-tiled pathway leading to the cemetery chapel. Within the chapel, a statue of Santo Sepulcro resides, serving as a focal point for requiem masses or funeral ceremonies.

Beneath the chapel lies the crypt, located 15 feet underground and accessed via two flights of steps. The crypt houses 36 tombs arranged along its four walls. The journey to the crypt is marked by a Spanish inscription on the first nine steps, reminding visitors of their mortality and the eternal resting place that awaits them. Over the years, the Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery has witnessed significant historical events, serving as a clandestine meeting place for Katipunan leaders in 1896 and providing refuge during the Philippine-American War and World War II.

Owned by the Roman Catholic Church, the cemetery’s legacy reflects the Spanish influence on Philippine architecture and culture. Its role as a dedicated burial site for Spanish friars and elite Catholic families underscores the societal importance and prominence of these groups during the Spanish colonial period. Today, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines oversees the preservation, maintenance, and supervision of this historical site, with renovations carried out by private contractors. Although it no longer serves as an active cemetery, the Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery continues to hold cultural and religious significance, hosting special celebrations such as the Feast of Christ the King and Lent for the local parish and diocese. Its location, just 2 kilometers south of downtown Nagcarlan, further solidifies its position as a cherished heritage site in the region.

Cuartel de Santo Domingo

The Cuartel de Santo Domingo is a historical structure located in the municipality of Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines. Built during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, this military barracks stands as a testament to the country’s rich history and cultural heritage.

Construction of the Cuartel de Santo Domingo began in 1877 and was completed in 1892, spanning a period of approximately 15 years. The barracks were initially built to serve as a Spanish military garrison, housing Spanish soldiers and serving as a defense outpost during the Spanish colonial rule. The construction of the barracks was part of Spain’s efforts to fortify its presence in the Philippines and maintain control over the archipelago.

Architecturally, the Cuartel de Santo Domingo showcases a blend of Spanish colonial and neoclassical influences. The structure features thick walls made of adobe stones, arched windows, and a tiled roof, reflecting the architectural styles and construction techniques of the period. The barracks were designed to accommodate a large number of soldiers, with multiple rooms and corridors spread across two floors.

Significant historical events have occurred in and around the Cuartel de Santo Domingo. During the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule, the barracks served as a strategic location for Filipino revolutionaries. After the Spanish-American War and the subsequent American occupation of the Philippines, the barracks were briefly used as a military training facility by the American forces before being abandoned in the early 20th century.

In recent years, efforts have been made to preserve and restore the Cuartel de Santo Domingo as a historical and cultural landmark. Restoration projects have been undertaken to repair and reinforce the structure, ensuring that it remains standing for future generations to appreciate and admire. The barracks now serves as a museum and heritage site, offering visitors a glimpse into the Philippines’ colonial past and the role of the military during that period.

Today, the Cuartel de Santo Domingo stands as a symbol of the Philippines’ colonial history, cultural heritage, and architectural legacy. It serves as a reminder of the country’s tumultuous past and the resilience of its people, offering a valuable insight into the historical events, cultural influences, and architectural styles that have shaped the Philippines over the centuries.

Minor Basilica of St. Michael the Archangel

The Tayabas Basilica, officially known as the Minor Basilica of Saint Michael the Archangel, is a historic church located in Tayabas City, Quezon Province, Philippines. This magnificent church stands as a prominent religious and architectural landmark, reflecting the rich cultural heritage and deep-rooted faith of the Filipino people.

The construction of Tayabas Basilica began in 1585 under the supervision of Franciscan missionaries. The church was initially built using local materials, such as adobe stones and bricks, with the construction work carried out by skilled local artisans and craftsmen. Over the centuries, the basilica underwent several renovations and expansions, with its current Baroque-style facade completed in 1856, showcasing intricate carvings and ornate details that reflect the Spanish colonial influence.

Architecturally, Tayabas Basilica features a cruciform layout with a central nave, side aisles, and a grand retablo or altarpiece adorned with religious artworks and statues. The basilica’s interior is decorated with beautiful frescoes, stained glass windows, and wooden carvings, creating a serene and spiritual atmosphere for worshipers and visitors alike.

Throughout its history, Tayabas Basilica has played a significant role in the religious and cultural life of Tayabas City and the surrounding region. The basilica has been a witness to numerous religious ceremonies, cultural celebrations, and historical events that have shaped the identity and heritage of Quezon Province.

Today, Tayabas Basilica continues to serve as a vibrant center of faith, spirituality, and community life. It remains an active place of worship for the Catholic faithful, as well as a popular pilgrimage site and tourist destination for those seeking to experience the rich cultural and historical heritage of the Philippines.

Visiting Tayabas Basilica offers a unique opportunity to appreciate the region’s architectural splendor, religious artistry, and the enduring legacy of faith that has been passed down through generations. As one of the oldest and most significant churches in Quezon Province, Tayabas Basilica stands as a symbol of the Filipino people’s enduring faith, resilience, and cultural heritage.

Aguinaldo Shrine (Museo ni Emilio Aguinaldo)

The Aguinaldo Shrine, also known as the Museo ni Emilio Aguinaldo, is a historical landmark located in Kawit, Cavite, Philippines. This iconic structure holds significant importance in the country’s history as it was the site where General Emilio Aguinaldo, the first President of the Philippines, declared the country’s independence from Spanish colonial rule on June 12, 1898.

The construction of the Aguinaldo Shrine began in 1845 and was originally intended as a private residence. The house underwent several renovations and expansions over the years, eventually transforming into the grand mansion that stands today. The architectural design of the shrine reflects a blend of Spanish colonial and Filipino bahay na bato (stone house) styles, featuring thick adobe walls, capiz shell windows, and a tiled roof.

The Aguinaldo Shrine served as General Emilio Aguinaldo’s official residence from 1898 to 1962. The shrine houses various artifacts, memorabilia, and personal belongings of Aguinaldo, providing visitors with a comprehensive insight into his life, leadership, and contributions to Philippine history. The main hall of the shrine is where the historic Philippine Declaration of Independence took place, and it has been preserved to maintain its original appearance, allowing visitors to relive this pivotal moment in the country’s history.

Significant historical events have occurred at the Aguinaldo Shrine, making it a symbol of Philippine independence and sovereignty. Apart from being the venue for the declaration of independence, the shrine also witnessed key events during the Philippine-American War and the subsequent American colonial period. It has become a pilgrimage site for Filipinos commemorating the country’s struggle for independence and the sacrifices made by its revolutionary leaders.

Today, the Aguinaldo Shrine serves as a museum and heritage site managed by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines. It offers guided tours, educational programs, and exhibitions that highlight the life and times of General Emilio Aguinaldo and the Philippine Revolution. The shrine’s historical significance, architectural beauty, and cultural value make it a popular destination for tourists, history enthusiasts, and anyone interested in learning more about the Philippines’ rich and vibrant history.

Pila Heritage Site (San Antonio de Padua Parish Church)

The Pila Heritage Site, centered around the San Antonio de Padua Parish Church, is a significant historical and cultural landmark located in Pila, Laguna, Philippines. Recognized for its well-preserved colonial-era architecture and rich cultural heritage, the Pila Heritage Site stands as a testament to the town’s illustrious past and its enduring legacy as one of the oldest communities in the Philippines.

The San Antonio de Padua Parish Church, the focal point of the Pila Heritage Site, was originally constructed in 1578. This historic church underwent several renovations and expansions over the centuries, with its architectural design reflecting a harmonious blend of Spanish colonial and Filipino bahay na bato (stone house) styles. The church features thick adobe walls, intricately carved wooden doors and altars, and a red-tiled roof, all of which are characteristic of colonial-era architecture prevalent during the Spanish colonial period.

Surrounding the San Antonio de Padua Parish Church are well-preserved ancestral houses and structures dating back to the Spanish colonial era. These heritage houses, made of adobe and hardwood, showcase traditional Filipino architectural styles and offer a glimpse into the affluent lifestyle of the town’s prominent families during the colonial period. Many of these ancestral houses have been converted into museums, galleries, and cultural centers, providing visitors with an immersive experience into Pila’s rich cultural heritage and history.

The Pila Heritage Site has played a pivotal role in preserving and promoting the town’s cultural and historical legacy. In 2000, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines declared Pila a National Historical Landmark and a Heritage Town, recognizing its significance in Philippine history and its well-preserved colonial-era architecture. The town of Pila hosts various cultural events, festivals, and heritage tours throughout the year, attracting tourists, history enthusiasts, and researchers interested in exploring the town’s vibrant history and cultural heritage.

Today, the Pila Heritage Site, with its San Antonio de Padua Parish Church and surrounding ancestral houses, stands as a living testament to Pila’s rich history, architectural legacy, and cultural heritage. It serves as a source of pride for the local community and a must-visit destination for anyone interested in experiencing the Philippines’ colonial past and the enduring legacy of its cultural heritage.

Taal Basilica (Minor Basilica of St. Martin of Tours)

The Taal Basilica, also known as the Minor Basilica of St. Martin of Tours, is a prominent religious and cultural landmark located in the town of Taal, Batangas, Philippines. Recognized as the largest church in the Philippines and in Asia, this grand structure stands as a testament to the town’s rich historical and religious significance.

The construction of the Taal Basilica began in 1755, following the destruction of the original church due to the eruption of Taal Volcano. The church was built using locally sourced materials, including volcanic rocks and coral stones, showcasing a unique blend of Spanish colonial and Filipino architectural styles. The basilica’s design features intricate Baroque and Neoclassical elements, with its façade adorned with ornate carvings, statues, and bas-reliefs depicting biblical scenes and saints.

The interior of the Taal Basilica is equally impressive, with its grand altar made of hardwood and adorned with gold leaf detailing. The basilica houses a number of religious artifacts, statues, and paintings, including the image of the town’s patron saint, St. Martin of Tours. The church’s ceiling is adorned with beautiful frescoes and intricate designs, adding to its grandeur and spiritual ambiance.

Throughout its history, the Taal Basilica has undergone several renovations and restorations to preserve its structural integrity and architectural beauty. Despite facing challenges such as natural disasters and the passage of time, the basilica has remained resilient, standing as a symbol of faith, resilience, and cultural heritage for the people of Taal and the Philippines.

The Taal Basilica holds a special place in the hearts of the local community and the faithful, serving as a place of worship, pilgrimage, and spiritual reflection. It also attracts tourists and visitors from around the world who are drawn to its architectural splendor, historical significance, and religious importance.

Today, the Taal Basilica continues to be an active church and a vibrant center of religious and cultural activities. It hosts various religious ceremonies, festivals, and events throughout the year, including the annual feast day of St. Martin of Tours. The basilica also serves as a venue for concerts, art exhibits, and cultural performances, further enriching its role as a hub of faith, culture, and community in Taal, Batangas, and the Philippines as a whole.

Rizal Shrine (Calamba)

The Rizal Shrine in Calamba, Laguna, is a historical and cultural landmark that commemorates the life and legacy of Dr. Jose Rizal, the Philippines’ national hero. This ancestral house-turned-museum provides a glimpse into the early life and formative years of Rizal, offering visitors a deeper understanding of his contributions to Philippine history, literature, and national identity.

The Rizal Shrine was originally built in 1807 and was the ancestral home of the Rizal family. It underwent several renovations over the years but has been preserved to reflect the architecture and lifestyle of the 19th-century Philippine colonial period. The house is a typical Bahay na Bato (stone house), characterized by its sturdy stone lower level and wooden upper floor. The design of the shrine showcases a blend of Spanish colonial and Filipino architectural influences, featuring large windows, wooden panels, and intricate carvings.

Inside the Rizal Shrine, visitors can explore various rooms that have been meticulously restored to depict the living conditions and lifestyle of the Rizal family during Jose Rizal’s childhood. The museum displays a collection of memorabilia, artifacts, personal belongings, and photographs related to Rizal’s family, education, travels, and writings. Highlights of the shrine include the room where Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, and the family’s dining and living areas furnished with period-appropriate furniture and décor.

The Rizal Shrine serves not only as a museum but also as a place of reflection and homage to Dr. Jose Rizal’s life and ideals. It stands as a symbol of national pride, resilience, and the enduring spirit of the Filipino people. The shrine attracts local and international visitors, historians, students, and Rizal enthusiasts who seek to learn more about the life, works, and sacrifices of the national hero.

Today, the Rizal Shrine in Calamba continues to be an important cultural and educational institution. It hosts guided tours, lectures, workshops, and special events that promote awareness and appreciation of Rizal’s legacy and its relevance to contemporary Philippine society. The shrine’s surrounding grounds have also been developed into a park, providing a peaceful and scenic setting for visitors to relax, reflect, and reconnect with Philippine history and heritage.

Pagbilao Grande Island Watchtower

The Pagbilao Grande Island Watchtowers are historical landmarks located on Pagbilao Grande Island in Quezon Province, Philippines. These watchtowers are remnants of the Spanish colonial period and serve as tangible evidence of the Philippines’ rich and complex history.

Built during the Spanish colonial era, the Pagbilao Grande Island Watchtowers were constructed as part of a defensive network to guard against pirate attacks and foreign invasions. These structures were strategically positioned along the coastline, providing a vantage point for sentries to monitor the surrounding seas for any signs of approaching threats. The watchtowers were typically built using locally sourced materials, such as coral stones and bricks, and were designed with thick walls and narrow openings to withstand attacks and harsh weather conditions.

The architecture of the Pagbilao Grande Island Watchtowers reflects the Spanish military engineering style prevalent during the colonial period. The design is characterized by its simplicity, functionality, and durability, with minimal decorative elements. The watchtowers typically feature a cylindrical or hexagonal shape, tapering towards the top, where a platform or parapet was installed for the placement of cannons or firearms. Some of these watchtowers may also have underground chambers or storage areas where ammunition, supplies, and provisions were kept.

Historically, the Pagbilao Grande Island Watchtowers played a crucial role in ensuring the safety and security of coastal communities and trading ports in the region. They served as early warning systems, allowing local inhabitants to prepare and defend themselves against potential threats. Over time, as the Philippines underwent various political and socio-economic changes, the importance of these watchtowers waned, and many fell into disrepair or were forgotten.

Today, the Pagbilao Grande Island Watchtowers stand as silent witnesses to the Philippines’ maritime heritage and colonial past. While some of these structures have been restored and preserved as heritage sites, others remain in ruins, serving as poignant reminders of the country’s tumultuous history. These watchtowers have also become popular tourist attractions, attracting history enthusiasts, photographers, and adventure-seekers who wish to explore and appreciate the architectural and historical significance of these ancient fortifications.

Visitors to the Pagbilao Grande Island Watchtowers can enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding seascape and learn about the area’s rich history through informational plaques, guided tours, and interpretative exhibits. The watchtowers’ remote and scenic location also offers opportunities for recreational activities such as hiking, picnicking, and beachcombing, making them ideal destinations for both educational and leisurely outings.

Casa De Segunda

Casa De Segunda is a historic house located in Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines. This ancestral home stands as a testament to the rich cultural and historical heritage of the region, particularly during the Spanish colonial era.

Constructed in the 19th century, Casa De Segunda was originally the residence of Segunda Katigbak, who is renowned as the “first love” of the Philippine national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal. The house reflects the architectural style prevalent during the Spanish colonial period, characterized by its sturdy wooden construction, elevated design to protect against flooding, and wide windows and doors for natural ventilation.

The architecture of Casa De Segunda combines traditional Filipino design elements with Spanish colonial influences. The house features a spacious interior layout, with high ceilings, hardwood floors, and intricately carved wooden details. The facade of the house is adorned with ornate wooden balustrades and capiz shell windows, showcasing the craftsmanship and artistic skills of the local craftsmen during that era.

Historically, Casa De Segunda played a significant role in the social and cultural life of Lipa City. As the residence of Segunda Katigbak, the house became a focal point for gatherings and social events attended by prominent families and local elites. The house also holds a special place in Philippine literature and history due to its association with Dr. Jose Rizal and his affection for Segunda Katigbak, which is immortalized in his letters and writings.

Today, Casa De Segunda serves as a heritage site and museum, preserving the legacy of the Katigbak family and showcasing the lifestyle and traditions of the Filipino gentry during the Spanish colonial period. Visitors to the house can explore its well-preserved rooms, view historical artifacts and memorabilia related to Segunda Katigbak and Dr. Jose Rizal, and learn about the cultural significance of the house and its role in Philippine history.

The preservation and maintenance of Casa De Segunda is overseen by local heritage organizations and the local government, ensuring that this important historical landmark continues to educate and inspire future generations about the rich history and cultural heritage of the Philippines.

Villa Escudero (Tiaong Quezon)

Villa Escudero is a renowned cultural and heritage resort located in Tiaong, Quezon, Philippines. It offers visitors a unique experience by combining the beauty of nature, the richness of Filipino culture, and the charm of its historical setting.

The beginnings of Villa Escudero can be traced back to the late 19th century when it was originally established as a coconut plantation by Don Placido Escudero and his wife, Doña Claudia Marasigan. Over the years, the plantation evolved into a hacienda, and later on, the family decided to open parts of the estate to the public, transforming it into the iconic resort it is today.

The architecture of Villa Escudero is a blend of traditional Filipino and Spanish colonial styles. The centerpiece of the resort is the Villa Escudero Museum, which showcases a vast collection of artifacts, antiques, and memorabilia that offer insights into the rich history and culture of the Philippines. The museum itself is housed in a beautifully preserved colonial-era building, reflecting the grandeur and elegance of the past.

One of the highlights of a visit to Villa Escudero is the opportunity to dine at the renowned Waterfall Restaurant. Here, guests can enjoy traditional Filipino cuisine while seated at bamboo dining tables set in the refreshing waters of a cascading waterfall. This unique dining experience has garnered international acclaim and has become a symbol of the resort’s commitment to offering guests a truly memorable and immersive experience of Filipino culture and hospitality.

Aside from its cultural attractions, Villa Escudero also boasts stunning natural landscapes, including lush coconut plantations, serene lakes, and picturesque gardens. Guests can engage in various outdoor activities such as bird watching, fishing, bamboo rafting, and swimming in the resort’s pools.

Today, Villa Escudero continues to be managed by the Escudero family and remains a popular destination for both local and international tourists seeking a tranquil retreat where they can immerse themselves in the beauty of nature, learn about Filipino heritage, and experience genuine Filipino hospitality. The resort’s dedication to preserving and showcasing the cultural heritage of the Philippines while providing guests with world-class amenities and services has cemented its reputation as one of the country’s premier heritage resorts.